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Because of the Spanish tradition, peonage was still widespread in New Mexico Territory after the American Civil War. Because New Mexico laws supported peonage, the US Congress passed an anti-peonage law on March 2, 1867 as follows: "Sec 1990. The holding of any person to service or labor under the system known as peonage is abolished and ...
1903 – South Dakota, a 17-year-old girl was reported to have been sold into peonage at the age of two by her own father [6] 1904 – Alabama, ten persons indicted for holding black and white persons in peonage [7] 1906 – John W. Pace of Alabama, the "father" of peonage; pardoned by his friend President Theodore Roosevelt. [8]
The Peonage Abolition Act of 1867 was an Act passed by the U.S. Congress on March 2, 1867, that abolished peonage in the New Mexico Territory and elsewhere in the United States. Designed to help enforce the Thirteenth Amendment , the Act declares that holding any person to service or labor under the peonage system is unlawful and forever ...
Mary Grace Quackenbos Humiston (née Winterton) (1869–1948) was the first female Special Assistant United States Attorney. [1] She was a graduate of the New York University School of Law and was a leader in exposing peonage in the American South.
Convict leasing in the United States was widespread in the South during the Reconstruction Period (1865–1877) after the end of the Civil War, when many Southern legislatures were ruled by majority coalitions of African Americans and Radical Republicans, [8] [9] and Union generals acted as military governors. Farmers and businessmen needed to ...
Enforcement of federal civil rights law in the South created numerous peonage cases, which slowly traveled up through the judiciary. The Supreme Court ruled in Clyatt v. United States (1905) that peonage was involuntary servitude. It held that although employers sometimes described their workers' entry into contract as voluntary, the servitude ...
The progressive era created more peonage violations, which began to be enforced. [2] Enforcement of peonage laws began with the case of Clyatt vs. United States in 1905. [4] S.M Clyatt, a wealthy business owner was charged with illegally arresting two African American men to work at an employees farm. [4]
In the story line, Mariana works against great odds and tradition to unravel the peonage system in the New Mexico Territory. [51] "Sixteen Tons" is a song by Tennessee Ernie Ford about debt bondage under the truck system among coal miners in Kentucky in the early 1900s. The practice was since made illegal and is considered a form of labor ...