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A diatomic molecular orbital diagram is used to understand the bonding of a diatomic molecule. MO diagrams can be used to deduce magnetic properties of a molecule and how they change with ionization. They also give insight to the bond order of the molecule, how many bonds are shared between the two atoms. [12]
Specifically, the colour of a halogen, such as chlorine, results from the electron transition between the highest occupied antibonding π g molecular orbital and the lowest vacant antibonding σ u molecular orbital. [40] The colour fades at low temperatures, so that solid chlorine at −195 °C is almost colourless. [39]
The molecular orbital diagram for the final state describes the electronic nature of the molecule in an excited state. Although in MO theory some molecular orbitals may hold electrons that are more localized between specific pairs of molecular atoms, other orbitals may hold electrons that are spread more uniformly over the molecule.
For maximum overlap of the C–Br σ* antibonding molecular orbital (the LUMO, shown to the right in red) and the nucleophile (X −) lone pair (the HOMO, shown to the right below in green), X − must attack the bromonium ion from behind, at carbon. This reaction mechanism was proposed by Roberts and Kimball in 1937. [2]
cis-Dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride is a salt with the formula [CoCl 2 (en) 2]Cl (en = ethylenediamine).The salt consists of a cationic coordination complex and a chloride anion.
Simple pictures showing orbital shapes are intended to describe the angular forms of regions in space where the electrons occupying the orbital are likely to be found. The diagrams cannot show the entire region where an electron can be found, since according to quantum mechanics there is a non-zero probability of finding the electron (almost ...
Here the sum extends over π molecular orbitals only, and n i is the number of electrons occupying orbital i with coefficients c ri and c si on atoms r and s respectively. Assuming a bond order contribution of 1 from the sigma component this gives a total bond order (σ + π) of 5/3 = 1.67 for benzene, rather than the commonly cited bond order ...
Electron atomic and molecular orbitals A Bohr diagram of lithium. In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. [1]