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The movement is noted to have played a role in boosting unity among Hindus and Muslims. The Congress supported the movement in response to the divide and rule strategy by the British. [ 33 ] The period of 1919-1922 is widely seen as the heyday of Hindu-Muslim unity. [ 12 ]
The Aligarh Movement was the push to establish a modern system of Western-style scientific education for the Muslim population of British Raj, during the later decades of the 19th century. [1] The movement's name derives from the fact that its core and origins lay in the city of Aligarh in Central India and, in particular, with the foundation ...
A movement led by Allama Iqbal and ultimately Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who originally fought for Muslim rights within India, later felt a separate homeland must be obtained for India's Muslims in order to achieve prosperity. They espoused the Two-Nation Theory, that India was in fact home to the Muslim and Hindu nations, who were distinct in every way.
Expansion of trade brought India into contact with Islam. Arab traders settled in Indian ports. In the seventh century, they converted to Islam, giving rise to small Muslim communities. These communities grew due to Indian conversions and because Hindu kings of south India (such as the Cholas) hired Muslim mercenaries. [165]
The All India Azad Muslim Conference, which represented nationalist Muslims, gathered in Delhi in April 1940 to voice its support for an independent and united India. [23] The British Government, however, sidelined the 'All India' organization from the independence process and came to see Jinnah, who advocated separatism, as the sole ...
The failure of the Indian Mutiny of 1857 against company rule in India led to the collapse of the last vestige of the Mughal empire. In the post-mutiny period, the Muslim upper classes and ulema (scholars) in India were increasingly conservative, and suspicious and hostile towards the British government, as well as Western-style education introduced by the British.
Map showing the Muslim population based on percentage in India, 1909. The two-nation theory was an ideology of religious nationalism that advocated Muslim Indian nationhood, with separate homelands for Indian Muslims and Indian Hindus within a decolonised British India, which ultimately led to the partition of India in 1947. [1]
Ahmadiyya, [a] officially the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at (AMJ), [4] [b] is an Islamic messianic [5] [6] movement originating in British India in the late 19th century. [7] [8] [9] It was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908), who said he had been divinely appointed as both the Promised Mahdi (Guided One) and Messiah expected by Muslims to appear towards the end times and bring about, by ...