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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of five or fewer carbons (e.g. butyric acid). [7]Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of 6 to 12 [8] carbons, which can form medium-chain triglycerides.
Example of saponification reaction of a triglyceride molecule (left) with potassium hydroxide (KOH) yielding glycerol (purple) and salts of fatty acids ().. Saponification value or saponification number (SV or SN) represents the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) required to saponify one gram of fat under the conditions specified.
In the traditional saponification, the triglyceride is treated with lye, which cleaves the ester bonds, releasing fatty acid salts (soaps) and glycerol. In one simplified version, the saponification of stearin gives sodium stearate. C 3 H 5 (O 2 C(CH 2) 16 CH 3) 3 + 3 NaOH → C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 + 3 NaO 2 C(CH 2) 16 CH 3
Saltwater soap, also called sailors' soap, is a potassium-based soap for use with seawater.Inexpensive common commercial soap will not lather or dissolve in seawater due to high levels of sodium chloride in the water.
Lye is a caustic chemical, usually referring to sodium hydroxide. Lye or LYE may also refer to: Places. Lye, West Midlands, a town in England;
Lye water is an essential ingredient in the crust of the traditional baked Chinese moon cakes. Most yellow coloured Chinese noodles are made with lye water but are commonly mistaken for containing egg. One variety of zongzi uses lye water to impart a sweet flavor. Sodium hydroxide causes gelling of egg whites in the production of century eggs.
However, lye is not the only way to produce the needed result: a baking soda or washing soda solution, which is easier to handle and safer to use, will provide a similar product but will not provide as strong a reaction, so the effect will be less pronounced. Lye is the strongest agent, followed by washing soda, and then baking soda.
Calcium stearate is produced by heating stearic acid and calcium oxide: . 2 C 17 H 35 COOH + CaO → (C 17 H 35 COO) 2 Ca + H 2 O. It is also the main component of soap scum, a white solid that forms when soap is mixed with hard water.