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The mucosa is made up of three layers: [1] The epithelium is the innermost layer. It is where most digestive, absorptive and secretory processes occur. The lamina propria, a layer of connective tissue within the mucosa. The muscularis mucosae, a thin layer of smooth muscle.
Stomach contains an additional oblique muscle layer just interior to circular muscle layer. In the upper esophagus, part of the externa is skeletal muscle, rather than smooth muscle. In the vas deferens of the spermatic cord, there are three layers: inner longitudinal, middle circular, and outer longitudinal.
Smooth muscle is grouped into two types: single-unit smooth muscle, also known as visceral smooth muscle, and multiunit smooth muscle. Most smooth muscle is of the single-unit type, and is found in the walls of most internal organs (viscera); and lines blood vessels (except large elastic arteries), the urinary tract , and the digestive tract .
The inner part of the stomach wall is the gastric mucosa a mucous membrane that forms the lining of the stomach. the membrane consists of an outer layer of columnar epithelium, a lamina propria, and a thin layer of smooth muscle called the muscularis mucosa.
Mucin is viscous, clear, and clinging. Underlying the mucous membrane in the mouth is a thin layer of smooth muscle tissue and the loose connection to the membrane gives it its great elasticity. [5] It covers the cheeks, inner surfaces of the lips, and floor of the mouth, and the mucin produced is highly protective against tooth decay. [6]
The gastric folds consist of two layers: Mucosal layer – This layer releases stomach acid. It is the innermost layer of the stomach. [5] It is affected by the hormone histamine, which signals it to release hydrochloric acid (HCl). Sub-mucosal layer – This layer consists of different vessels and nerves, ganglion neurons, and adipose tissue ...
The outermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract consists of several layers of connective tissue. Intraperitoneal parts of the GI tract are covered with serosa . These include most of the stomach , first part of the duodenum , all of the small intestine , caecum and appendix , transverse colon , sigmoid colon and rectum .
In much of a digestive tract, such as the human gastrointestinal tract, smooth muscle tissue contracts in sequence to produce a peristaltic wave, which propels a ball of food (called a bolus before being transformed into chyme in the stomach) along the tract. The peristaltic movement comprises relaxation of circular smooth muscles, then their ...