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Since soil had been contaminated by chemicals leaking from drums, dirt had to be removed from depths ranging from 12 inches (30 cm) to 25 feet (7.6 m). In the first 12 months of cleanup alone, 108,000 cubic feet (3,100 m 3) of contaminated soil had been trucked out of the site.
Most soils have a dry bulk density between 1.0 and 1.6 g/cm 3 but organic soil and some porous clays may have a dry bulk density well below 1 g/cm 3. Core samples are taken by pushing a metallic cutting edge into the soil at the desired depth or soil horizon. The soil samples are then oven dried (often at 105 °C) until constant weight.
The scoop was capable of holding a maximum quantity of approximately 1.3 inches (32 mm) diameter of solid lunar material and a maximum of 6.1 cubic inches (100 cm 3) of granular material. The scoop was mounted on a pantograph arm that could be extended about 5 feet (1.5 m) or retracted close to the spacecraft motor drive.
Soil bulk density, when determined at standardized moisture conditions, is an estimate of soil compaction. [60] Soil porosity consists of the void part of the soil volume and is occupied by gases or water. Soil consistency is the ability of soil materials to stick together. Soil temperature and colour are self-defining.
Soil Classification Group Symbol Group Name COARSE-GRAINED SOILS. More than 50% retained on No.200 Sieve Gravels. More than 50% of coarse fraction on No. 4 Sieve Clean Gravels. Less than 5% fines Cu ≥ 4 and 1 ≤ Cc ≤ 3 GW Well-graded gravel Cu < 4 and/or Cc < 1 or Cc > 3 GP Poorly graded gravel Gravels with Fines. More than 12% fines
One cubic inch (assuming an international inch) is equal to: 0.000578704 cubic feet (1 cu ft equals 1,728 cu in) Roughly 1 tablespoon (1.0 U.S. gallon = 256 U.S. tablespoons = 231 cubic inches) About 0.576744 imperial fluid ounces; About 0.554113 US fluid ounces; About 0.06926407 American/English cups; About 0.000450581 imperial bushels
The soil bulk density of cultivated loam is about 1.1 to 1.4 g/cm 3 (for comparison water is 1.0 g/cm 3). [48] Contrary to particle density, soil bulk density is highly variable for a given soil, with a strong causal relationship with soil biological activity and management strategies. [ 49 ]
On 7 April 1795, the metric system was formally defined in French law using six units. Three of these are related to volume: the stère (1 m 3) for volume of firewood; the litre (1 dm 3) for volumes of liquid; and the gramme, for mass—defined as the mass of one cubic centimetre of water at the temperature of melting ice. [10]