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Historically, the words religious and spiritual have been used synonymously to describe all the various aspects of the concept of religion. [1] However, religion is a highly contested term with scholars such as Russell McCutcheon arguing that the term "religion" is used as a way to name a "seemingly distinct domain of diverse items of human activity and production". [6]
Spirituality for use in Health Research: Domain / Chapter Title. Sample Item. Daily Spiritual Experiences (Lynn G. Underwood) I find strength and comfort in my religion.* Meaning (Kenneth I. Pargament) My spirituality helps define the goals I set for myself. Values (Ellen Idler) My whole approach to life is based on my religion. Beliefs
The meaning of spirituality has developed and expanded over time, and various meanings can be found alongside each other. [1] [2] [3] [note 1] Traditionally, spirituality is referred to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape of man", [note 2] oriented at "the image of God" [4] [5] as exemplified by the founders and sacred texts of the religions of the world.
Sigmund Freud's views on religion are described in several of his books and essays. Freud considered God a fantasy , based on the infantile need for a dominant father figure. During the development of early civilization, God and religion were necessities to help restrain our violent impulses, which in modern times can now be discarded in favor ...
Secular spirituality emphasizes humanistic qualities such as love, compassion, patience, forgiveness, responsibility, harmony, and a concern for others. [7] Du Toit argues aspects of life and human experience which go beyond a purely materialistic view of the world are spiritual; spirituality does not require belief in a supernatural reality or divine being.
Thomas Aquinas was the first to write a full treatment of the relationship, differences, and similarities between faith, which he calls "an intellectual assent", [5] and reason.
Questions of religion are "marginal" in censuses, usually optional, and are left out of most censuses in most countries. [29] Despite attempts to standardize wording, census phrasing of the religion question have not been consistent over time or from country to country, with responders understanding them in 3 different ways. [ 29 ]
Extrinsic religious orientation is a method of using religion to achieve non-religious goals, essentially viewing religion as a means to an end. [4] It is used by people who go to religious gatherings and claim certain religious ideologies to establish or maintain social networks while minimally adhering to the teachings of the religion.