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Gross heating value accounts for water in the exhaust leaving as vapor, and includes liquid water in the fuel prior to combustion. This value is important for fuels like wood or coal , which will usually contain some amount of water prior to burning.
Fuel efficiency (or fuel economy) is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the ratio of effort to result of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier into kinetic energy or work.
Diesel: Because diesel engines are typically more fuel efficient, and can run on cleaner blends of diesel fuel, diesel powered car buyers qualify for federal tax credits. Many Volkswagen diesel models are currently pre-approved for a tax credit of between $1,000 and $1,700.
“The average cost to operate an EV in the United States is $485 per year, while the average for a gasoline-powered vehicle is $1,117,” said a study by the University of Michigan’s ...
Associated cost: $40-$100 “If your car is due for an oil change, don’t wait,” Giranda advised. Colder temperatures cause oil to thicken and flow slowly, which can put extra stress on your ...
For a petrol car with typical fuel efficiency of 38 miles per gallon, the annual fuel cost based on current pump prices is around £1,210. ... Fuel costs were calculated using the current average ...
They determined that the cost of a ton of oil fuel used in steam engines was $5.04 and yielded 20.37 train miles system wide on average. Diesel fuel cost $11.61 but produced 133.13 train miles per ton. In effect, diesels ran six times as far as steamers utilizing fuel that cost only twice as much.
A diesel cycle engine can be as much as 40% to 50% efficient at converting fuel into work, [2] where a typical automotive gasoline engine's efficiency is about 25% to 30%. [3] [4] In general, an engine is designed to run on a single fuel source and substituting one fuel for another may affect the thermal efficiency.