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The Sharifate of Mecca (Arabic: شرافة مكة, romanized: Sharāfat Makka) or Emirate of Mecca [1] was a state, non-sovereign for much of its existence, ruled by the Sharif of Mecca. A sharif is a descendant of Hasan ibn Ali , Muhammad 's grandson. [ 2 ]
The title was sometimes regarded to denote the de facto Caliph of Islam, [1] but it mainly refers to the ruler taking the responsibility of guarding and maintaining the two holiest mosques in Islam: Al-Haram Mosque (Arabic: اَلْمَسْجِدُ ٱلْحَرَامُ, romanized: Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām, "The Sacred Mosque") in Mecca and the ...
Mecca (/ ˈ m ɛ k ə /; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, [a] commonly shortened to Makkah [b]) is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia; it is the holiest city according to Islam. [4] It is 70 km (43 mi) inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley 277 m (909 ft) above sea level.
The Sharifs of Mecca were significant figures in Sunni Islam [16] [17] because, in addition to them being Sayyids and their control over the two most important mosques in Islam, they also guaranteed the free passage for performing Hajj and defended the pilgrimage route against various raids carried out by Bedouins targeting the pilgrims. [18]
The Sharif of Mecca (Arabic: شريف مكة, romanized: Sharīf Makkah) was the title of the leader of the Sharifate of Mecca, traditional steward of the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina. The term sharif is Arabic for "noble", "highborn", and is used to describe the descendants of Hashim ibn Abd Manaf.
The two sites whose Islamic sanctity are unchallengeably the highest of all are Al-Masjid al-Haram in Mecca (which is called Ḥaraman Āminan (حَرَمًا آمِنًا, "Sanctuary (which is) Secure") in the Quran (28:57; [5] 29:67 [6]), and the Prophet's Mosque in Medina, so the Arabic dual form al-ḥaramān (ٱلْحَرَمَان) or al ...
The date Muhammad set out for Mecca is variously given as 2, 6 or 10 Ramadan 8 AH. [4] The date Muhammad entered Mecca is variously given as 10, 17/18, 19 or 20 Ramadan 8 AH. [4] The conversion of these dates to the Julian calendar depends on what assumptions are made about the calendar in use in Mecca at the time.
The Sack of Mecca occurred on 11 January 930, when the Qarmatians of Bahrayn sacked the Muslim holy city amidst the rituals of the Hajj pilgrimage.. The Qarmatians, a radical Isma'ili sect established in Bahrayn since the turn of the 9th century, had previously attacked the caravans of Hajj pilgrims and even invaded and raided Iraq, the heartland of the Abbasid Caliphate, in 927–928.