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A trivial graph is a graph with 0 or 1 vertices. [16] A graph with 0 vertices is also called null graph. Turán 1. Pál Turán 2. A Turán graph is a balanced complete multipartite graph. 3. Turán's theorem states that Turán graphs have the maximum number of edges among all clique-free graphs of a given order. 4.
The degenerate distribution at x 0, where X is certain to take the value x 0. This does not look random, but it satisfies the definition of random variable. This is useful because it puts deterministic variables and random variables in the same formalism. The discrete uniform distribution, where all elements of a finite set are equally likely ...
A zero-crossing in a line graph of a waveform representing voltage over time. A zero-crossing is a point where the sign of a mathematical function changes (e.g. from positive to negative), represented by an intercept of the axis (zero value) in the graph of the function.
The mutual information (MI) of the random variables X and Y is the expected value of the PMI (over all possible outcomes). The measure is symmetric ( (;) = (;)). It can take positive or negative values, but is zero if X and Y are independent. Note that even though PMI may be negative or positive, its expected outcome over all joint ...
Also confidence coefficient. A number indicating the probability that the confidence interval (range) captures the true population mean. For example, a confidence interval with a 95% confidence level has a 95% chance of capturing the population mean. Technically, this means that, if the experiment were repeated many times, 95% of the CIs computed at this level would contain the true population ...
The graph of a function with a horizontal (y = 0), vertical (x = 0), and oblique asymptote (purple line, given by y = 2x) A curve intersecting an asymptote infinitely many times In analytic geometry , an asymptote ( / ˈ æ s ɪ m p t oʊ t / ) of a curve is a line such that the distance between the curve and the line approaches zero as one or ...
Scientists claim to have found evidence of “negative time” after observing photons exiting a material before entering it. A team of quantum physicists from the University of Toronto in Canada ...
Often, the problem is to decompose a graph into subgraphs isomorphic to a fixed graph; for instance, decomposing a complete graph into Hamiltonian cycles. Other problems specify a family of graphs into which a given graph should be decomposed, for instance, a family of cycles, or decomposing a complete graph K n into n − 1 specified trees ...