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The Shadow of Slavery: Peonage in the South, 1901–1969 (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-519742-9. Reynolds, Aaron, "Inside the Jackson Tract: The Battle Over Peonage Labor Camps in Southern Alabama, 1906," Southern Spaces, 21 January 2013.
The Shadow of Slavery: Peonage in the South, 1901–1969. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1972. ...
The Peonage Abolition Act of 1867 was an Act passed by the U.S. Congress on March 2, 1867, that abolished peonage in the New Mexico Territory and elsewhere in the United States. Designed to help enforce the Thirteenth Amendment , the Act declares that holding any person to service or labor under the peonage system is unlawful and forever ...
Mae Louise Miller (born Mae Louise Wall; August 24, 1943 – 2014) was an American woman who was kept in modern-day slavery, known as peonage, near Gillsburg, Mississippi and Kentwood, Louisiana until her family achieved freedom in early 1963.
More than one million slaves were sold from the Upper South, which had a surplus of labor, and taken to the Deep South in a forced migration, splitting up many families. New communities of African-American culture were developed in the Deep South, and the total slave population in the South eventually reached 4 million before liberation. [9] [10]
Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II Douglas A. Blackmon (born 1964) is an American writer and journalist who won a Pulitzer Prize in 2009 for his book, Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II .
Due to the widespread use of Black Codes for crimes such as "vagrancy," the system was popular in slavery states to maintain "second class citizenship for blacks." [2] The progressive era created more peonage violations, which began to be enforced. [2] Enforcement of peonage laws began with the case of Clyatt vs. United States in 1905. [4]
Built as a cotton plantation in the Antebellum South, it was farmed using the forced labor of enslaved African Americans. After the American Civil War in 1865, freedmen farmed it. From the 1890s to the 1910s, the plantation used convict laborers and employed immigrants from Northern Italy, many of whom were subject to peonage.