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The drift velocity deals with the average velocity of a particle, such as an electron, due to an electric field. In general, an electron will propagate randomly in a conductor at the Fermi velocity. [5] Free electrons in a conductor follow a random path. Without the presence of an electric field, the electrons have no net velocity.
The final result is that the electron moves with a finite average velocity, called the drift velocity. This net electron motion is usually much slower than the normally occurring random motion. The two charge carriers, electrons and holes, will typically have different drift velocities for the same electric field.
As a result, there is a definite small drift velocity of electrons, which is superimposed on the random motion of free electrons. Due to this drift velocity, there is a net flow of electrons opposite to the direction of the field. The drift speed of electrons is generally in the order of 10 −3 meters per second whereas the thermal speed is on ...
As a result, ions (of whatever mass and charge) and electrons both move in the same direction at the same speed, so there is no net current (assuming quasineutrality of the plasma). In the context of special relativity , in the frame moving with this velocity, the electric field vanishes.
Because of collisions between electrons and atoms, the drift velocity of electrons in a conductor is on the order of millimeters per second. However, the speed at which a change of current at one point in the material causes changes in currents in other parts of the material, the velocity of propagation , is typically about 75% of light speed ...
Electrical mobility is the ability of charged particles (such as electrons or protons) to move through a medium in response to an electric field that is pulling them. The separation of ions according to their mobility in gas phase is called ion mobility spectrometry, in liquid phase it is called electrophoresis.
Between collisions, the electric field subtly accelerates them in one direction. So over time, they move at the drift velocity on average, but at any instant the electrons are moving at the (typically much faster) thermal velocity. The amount of drift current depends on the concentration of charge carriers and their mobility in the material or ...
Diffusion current is a current in a semiconductor caused by the diffusion of charge carriers (electrons and/or electron holes).This is the current which is due to the transport of charges occurring because of non-uniform concentration of charged particles in a semiconductor.