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  2. Runway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runway

    Larger airports usually have several runways in different directions, so that one can be selected that is most nearly aligned with the wind. Airports with one runway are often constructed to be aligned with the prevailing wind. Compiling a wind rose is one of the preliminary steps taken in constructing airport runways. [4]

  3. Aeronautical chart conventions (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautical_chart...

    The location of each airport and presence of control towers is indicated with a circle, or with an outline of the hard-surfaced runways (if over 8,069 feet long). Blue shows an airport with a control tower and magenta for others. Military airstrips (without hard-surface runways) are shown with two concentric circles.

  4. Airport diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airport_diagram

    A hot spot is a location on an airport movement area with a history or potential risk of collision or runway incursion, and where heightened attention by pilots and drivers is necessary. It is believed that this extra awareness can improve planning and navigation. Hot spots are shown on both airport diagrams and chart supplements. [6]

  5. Airfield traffic pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfield_traffic_pattern

    Another exception is at airports with mountains at one end. Many airfields have runways facing a variety of directions. The purpose of this is to provide arriving aircraft with the best runway to land on according to the wind direction. Runway orientation is determined from historical data of the prevailing winds in the area.

  6. ACN-PCN method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACN-PCN_method

    The Aircraft Classification Number (ACN) – Pavement Classification Number (PCN) method is a standardized international airport pavement rating system promulgated by the ICAO in 1981. The method has been the official ICAO pavement rating system for pavements intended for aircraft of apron (ramp) mass greater than 5700 kg from 1981 to 2020. [ 1 ]

  7. Runway visual range - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runway_visual_range

    A pilot's view of Lisbon Airport's runway 21 in fog; runway visual range is about 200 m (660 ft). In aviation, the runway visual range (RVR) is the distance over which a pilot of an aircraft on the centreline of the runway can see the runway surface markings delineating the runway or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centre line.

  8. Automatic terminal information service - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Terminal...

    Automatic terminal information service, or ATIS, is a continuous broadcast of recorded aeronautical information in busier terminal areas.ATIS broadcasts contain essential information, such as current weather information, active runways, available approaches, and any other information required by the pilots, such as important NOTAMs.

  9. Approach plate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approach_plate

    An approach plate for the ILS or LOC approach to runway 14L at Cologne Bonn Airport, Germany.. Approach plates (or, more formally, instrument approach procedure charts) are the printed or digital charts of instrument approach procedures that pilots use to fly instrument approaches during instrument flight rules (IFR) operations.