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A comparison in 2014 of IPS vs. TN panels concerning color consistency under different viewing angles can be seen on the website of Japan Display Inc. [19] Also, compared to TN panels, IPS panels can display more color spaces. Unlike TN LCDs, IPS panels do not lighten or show tailing when touched.
The operation of TN, VA and IPS-LCDs can be summarized as follows: a well aligned LC configuration is deformed by an applied electric field, this deformation changes the orientation of the local LC optical axis with respect to the direction of light propagation through the LC layer,
The twisted nematic effect (TN-effect) was a major technological breakthrough that made the manufacture of large, thin liquid crystal displays practical and cost competitive. Unlike earlier flat-panel displays, TN-cells did not require a current to flow for operation and used low operating voltages suitable for use with batteries.
The displays are manufactured worldwide by different suppliers. Currently, the iPad's display comes from Samsung, [12] while the MacBook Pro and iPod Touch displays are made by LG Display [13] and Japan Display Inc. [14] There was a shift of display technology from twisted nematic (TN) liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) to in-plane switching (IPS) LCDs starting with the iPhone 4 models in June 2010.
Modern TN displays can look significantly better than older TN displays from decades earlier, but overall TN has inferior viewing angles and poor color in comparison to other technology like IPS. Most TN panels can represent colors using only six bits per RGB channel, or 18 bit in total, and are unable to display the 16.7 million color shades ...
In many applications IPS LCDs have replaced TN LCDs, particularly in smartphones. Both the liquid crystal material and the alignment layer material contain ionic compounds . If an electric field of one particular polarity is applied for a long period of time, this ionic material is attracted to the surfaces and degrades the device performance.
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Major technologies are CRT, LCD and its derivatives (Quantum dot display, LED backlit LCD, WLCD, OLCD), Plasma, and OLED and its derivatives (Transparent OLED, PMOLED, AMOLED).