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The term echolocation was coined by 1944 by the American zoologist Donald Griffin, who, with Robert Galambos, first demonstrated the phenomenon in bats. [1] [2] As Griffin described in his book, [3] the 18th century Italian scientist Lazzaro Spallanzani had, by means of a series of elaborate experiments, concluded that when bats fly at night, they rely on some sense besides vision, but he did ...
In a JAR, one or both animals change the frequency of their sounds away from that used by the other animal. [8] [9] This has the effect of allowing each animal a unique frequency bandwidth where jamming will not occur. Bats can make this adjustment very rapidly, often in less than 0.2 seconds.
Electroreceptive animals use the sense to locate objects around them. This is important in ecological niches where the animal cannot depend on vision: for example in caves, in murky water, and at night. Electrolocation can be passive, sensing electric fields such as those generated by the muscle movements of buried prey, or active, the ...
Arctiid moths use a very different but highly effective defense against bats. [21] They produce loud ultrasonic clicks in response to ultrasound. Depending on the species of moth and its ecology, the clicks may work by startling the bat, by jamming its echolocation system, or by warning of distastefulness ( aposematism ).
Animal echolocation, animals emitting sound and listening to the echo in order to locate objects or navigate; Echo sounding, listening to the echo of sound pulses to measure the distance to the bottom of the sea, a special case of sonar; Gunfire locator; Human echolocation, the use of echolocation by blind people; Human bycatch
It is the only protein known to form photoinduced radical-pairs in animals. [5] The function of cryptochrome varies by species, but its mechanism is always the same: exposure to blue light excites an electron in a chromophore , which causes the formation of a radical-pair whose electrons are quantum entangled , enabling the precision needed for ...
Several explanations for why cetaceans strand themselves have been proposed, including changes in water temperatures, [3] peculiarities of whales' echolocation in certain surroundings, [4] and geomagnetic disturbances, [5] but none have so far been universally accepted as a definitive reason for the behavior.
Animal echolocation, non-human animals emitting sound waves and listening to the echo in order to locate objects or navigate. Human echolocation , the use of sound by people to navigate. Sonar ( so und n avigation a nd r anging), the use of sound on water or underwater, to navigate or to locate other watercraft, usually by submarines.