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In carefully designed scientific experiments, null results can be interpreted as evidence of absence. [7] Whether the scientific community will accept a null result as evidence of absence depends on many factors, including the detection power of the applied methods, the confidence of the inference, as well as confirmation bias within the community.
Episteme: A Journal of Individual and Social Epistemology is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering epistemology. It was established in 2004 and is published by Cambridge University Press .
Open access citation advantage may increase the impact factor of open access journals relative to journals without open access. [ 1 ] [ 7 ] One study concluded that authors in medical fields "concentrate on research published in journals that are available as full text on the internet, and ignore relevant studies that are not available in full ...
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge.Also called theory of knowledge, it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional knowledge about facts, practical knowledge in the form of skills, and knowledge by acquaintance as a familiarity through experience.
Contrary to evidentialism, they can be justified in the absence of any effective evidence that supports them. They are justified just so long as one doesn't have good reason to think them false. [citation needed] A new account of the extent of our evidence is Timothy Williamson's claim that E=K: one's evidence is what one knows. [2]
The claim that all assertions are provisional and thus open to revision in light of new evidence is widely taken for granted in the natural sciences. [ 12 ] Furthermore, Popper defended his critical rationalism as a normative and methodological theory, that explains how objective , and thus mind-independent, knowledge ought to work. [ 13 ]
Hume calls for caution against such inferences in the absence of any explanation of how the ought-statements follow from the is-statements. But how exactly can an "ought" be derived from an "is"? The question, prompted by Hume's small paragraph, has become one of the central questions of ethical theory, and Hume is usually assigned the position ...
"Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence" (sometimes shortened to ECREE), [1] also known as the Sagan standard, is an aphorism popularized by science communicator Carl Sagan. He used the phrase in his 1979 book Broca's Brain and the 1980 television program Cosmos .