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In statistics, a proxy or proxy variable is a variable that is not in itself directly relevant, but that serves in place of an unobservable or immeasurable variable. [1] In order for a variable to be a good proxy, it must have a close correlation, not necessarily linear, with the variable of interest. This correlation might be either positive ...
This template returns indicators for highlighting the result of open proxy checks. The template returns a different indicator depending on the parameter supplied, and is used in the format {{proxycheck|decision}}: {{proxycheck|complete}} gives Completed {{proxycheck|confirmed}} gives IP is an open proxy {{proxycheck|likely}} gives Likely IP is ...
<noinclude>[[Category:Proxy check result templates]]</noinclude> to the end of the template code, making sure it starts on the same line as the code's last character. This is a list of templates used to indicate the result of a proxy test.
Unemployment is an example of a countercyclical variable. [4] Similarly, business failures and stock market prices tend to be countercyclical. In finance, an asset that tends to do well while the economy as a whole is doing poorly is referred to as countercyclical, and could be for example a business or a financial instrument whose value is ...
{{google|1 pound in kilograms {{=}}}} 1 pound in kilograms = Use Template:= to add an = sign to trigger Google Calculator when necessary; that template cannot be substituted. {{google|1 pound in kilograms}} 1 pound in kilograms: Google may display Calculator results for some expressions even if they lack a trailing equals sign.
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As with any addition of variables to a model, the addition of dummy variables will increase the within-sample model fit (coefficient of determination), but at a cost of fewer degrees of freedom and loss of generality of the model (out of sample model fit). Too many dummy variables result in a model that does not provide any general conclusions.
Reconstructions of global temperature of the past 2000 years, using composite of different proxy methods. In the study of past climates ("paleoclimatology"), climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct meteorological measurements [1] and enable scientists to reconstruct the climatic conditions over a longer fraction of the Earth's history.