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UTF-16 (16-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a character encoding that supports all 1,112,064 encodable code points of Unicode. [1] The encoding is variable-length as code points are encoded with one or two 16-bit code units .
A code unit is the minimum bit combination that can represent a character in a character encoding (in computer science terms, it is the word size of the character encoding). [ 10 ] [ 12 ] For example, common code units include 7-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit.
This provides a simple built-in method for encoding the 20.1 bit UCS within a 16 bit encoding such as UTF-16. In this way UTF-16 can represent any character within the BMP with a single 16-bit word. Characters outside the BMP are then encoded using two 16-bit words (4 octets or bytes total) using the surrogate pairs. Private Use. The consortium ...
In this document, entitled Unicode 88, Becker outlined a scheme using 16-bit characters: [7] Unicode is intended to address the need for a workable, reliable world text encoding. Unicode could be roughly described as "wide-body ASCII" that has been stretched to 16 bits to encompass the characters of all the world's living languages. In a ...
UTF-16 is popular because many APIs date to the time when Unicode was 16-bit fixed width (referred as UCS-2). However, using UTF-16 makes characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane a special case which increases the risk of oversights related to their handling. That said, programs that mishandle surrogate pairs probably also have problems ...
Plane 0 is the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), which contains most commonly used characters. The higher planes 1 through 16 are called "supplementary planes". [1] The last code point in Unicode is the last code point in plane 16, U+10FFFF. As of Unicode version 16.0, five of the planes have assigned code points (characters), and seven are named.
The 16-bit word length thus became more common in the 1960s, especially on minicomputer systems. Early 16-bit computers (c. 1965–70) include the IBM 1130, [3] the HP 2100, [4] the Data General Nova, [5] and the DEC PDP-11. [6] Early 16-bit microprocessors, often modeled on one of the mini platforms, began to appear in the 1970s.
Other variants include the fourteen-segment display which does not split the top or bottom horizontal segments, and the twenty-two-segment display [1] that allows lower-case characters with descenders. Often a character generator is used to translate 7-bit ASCII character codes to the 16 bits that indicate which of the 16 segments to turn on or ...