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In computing, a Trojan horse (or simply Trojan) is a malware that misleads users of its true intent by disguising itself as a normal program. The term is derived from the ancient Greek story of the deceptive Trojan Horse that led to the fall of the city of Troy. [1] Trojans are generally spread by some form of social engineering.
The Fireball malware does not conform to usual characteristics of bundled software. Check Point asserts, “The malware and the fake search engines don’t carry indicators connecting them to Rafotech, they cannot be uninstalled by an ordinary user and they conceal their true nature.”
Type III effectors were known since the beginning of the 1990s, but the way in which they are delivered into host cells was a complete mystery. The homology between many flagellar and T3SS proteins led researchers to suspects the existence of an outer T3SS structure similar to flagella.
Alureon (also known as TDSS or TDL-4) is a trojan and rootkit created to steal data by intercepting a system's network traffic and searching for banking usernames and passwords, credit card data, PayPal information, social security numbers, and other sensitive user data. [1]
Endocytosis: The host cell takes in the viral particle through the process of endocytosis, essentially engulfing the virus like it would a food particle. Viral penetration: The viral capsid or genome is injected into the host cell's cytoplasm. Through the use of green fluorescent protein (GFP), virus entry and infection can be visualized in ...
If the transgene is incorporated into somatic cells, the transgene will stay with the somatic cell line, and thus its host organism. [ 6 ] Gene delivery is a necessary step in gene therapy for the introduction or silencing of a gene to promote a therapeutic outcome in patients and also has applications in the genetic modification of crops.
NETs allow neutrophils to kill extracellular pathogens while minimizing damage to the host cells. [3] Upon in vitro activation with the pharmacological agent phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), Interleukin 8 (IL-8) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), neutrophils release granule proteins and chromatin to form an extracellular fibril matrix known as NET ...
Viral genes are expressed through the use of the host cell's replication machinery; therefore, many viral genes have promoters that support binding of many transcription factors found naturally in the host cells. These transcription factors along with the virus' own proteins can repress or activate genes from both the virus and the host cell's ...