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and the second fundamental form at the origin in the coordinates (x,y) is the quadratic form L d x 2 + 2 M d x d y + N d y 2 . {\displaystyle L\,dx^{2}+2M\,dx\,dy+N\,dy^{2}\,.} For a smooth point P on S , one can choose the coordinate system so that the plane z = 0 is tangent to S at P , and define the second fundamental form in the same way.
(A homogeneous polynomial is also called a form, and so q may be called a quadratic form.) If q is the product of two linear forms, then X is the union of two hyperplanes . It is common to assume that n ≥ 1 {\displaystyle n\geq 1} and q is irreducible , which excludes that special case.
The second fundamental form = + + is a quadratic form on the tangent plane to the surface that, together with the first fundamental form, determines the curvatures of curves on the surface. In the special case when ( u , v ) = ( x , y ) and the tangent plane to the surface at the given point is horizontal, the second fundamental form is ...
In mathematics, a quadric or quadric surface (quadric hypersurface in higher dimensions), is a generalization of conic sections (ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas).It is a hypersurface (of dimension D) in a (D + 1)-dimensional space, and it is defined as the zero set of an irreducible polynomial of degree two in D + 1 variables; for example, D = 1 in the case of conic sections.
This is a surface in affine space A 3. On the other hand, a projective quartic surface is a surface in projective space P 3 of the same form, but now f is a homogeneous polynomial of 4 variables of degree 4, so for example f ( x , y , z , w ) = x 4 + y 4 + x y z w + z 2 w 2 − w 4 {\displaystyle f(x,y,z,w)=x^{4}+y^{4}+xyzw+z^{2}w^{2}-w^{4
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In differential geometry, the first fundamental form is the inner product on the tangent space of a surface in three-dimensional Euclidean space which is induced canonically from the dot product of R 3. It permits the calculation of curvature and metric properties of a surface such as length and area in a manner consistent with the ambient space.
In mathematics, the matrix representation of conic sections permits the tools of linear algebra to be used in the study of conic sections.It provides easy ways to calculate a conic section's axis, vertices, tangents and the pole and polar relationship between points and lines of the plane determined by the conic.