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The first Islamic author that argued for the presence of biblical prophecies of Muhammad was a letter by Ibn al-Layth at the turn of the 9th century. [2] This author largely focused on the Old Testament, although he also drew from some texts in the New Testament, primarily the Gospel of John when doing so.
Muhammad returned to Mecca not long before his death, following the victory of his forces in the Muslim–Quraysh War (Arabic: فتح مكة Fatḥ Makkah). The date Muhammad set out for Mecca is variously given as 2, 6 or 10 Ramadan 8 AH [63] (December 629 or January 630). [63] [64] (10–20 Ramadan, 8 AH). [63]
When they returned to Mecca and asked Muhammad the questions, he told them he would provide the answers the next day. However, 15 days passed without a response from his God, leading to gossip among the Meccans and causing Muhammad distress. At some point later, the angel Gabriel came to Muhammad and provided him with the answers. [110] [111]
The date Muhammad set out for Mecca is variously given as 2, 6 or 10 Ramadan 8 AH. [4] The date Muhammad entered Mecca is variously given as 10, 17/18, 19 or 20 Ramadan 8 AH. [4] The conversion of these dates to the Julian calendar depends on what assumptions are made about the calendar in use in Mecca at the time.
The Quran is divided into chapters , which are then divided into verses . Muslims believe the Quran was verbally revealed by Allah to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel , [4] [5] gradually over a period of approximately 23 years, starting in late 609, when Muhammad was 39, and concluding in 632, the year of his death.
100 BCE - "Yemeni tribes of Jurham rule Mecca." [1] 570 CE - Year of the Elephant and the birth of Muhammad. 605 CE - Quraish rebuild Kaaba after it was damaged in floods. [2] 613 CE - Muhammad starts preaching publicly in Mecca. [3] 622 CE / 0-1 H - Muhammad migrates from Mecca to Medina, with followers . [4]
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
Economically uprooted by their Meccan persecutors, the Muslim migrants turned to raiding Meccan caravans to respond to their persecution and to provide sustenance for their Muslim families, thus initiating armed conflict between the Muslims and the pagan Quraysh of Mecca. [15] [16] Muhammad delivered Qur'anic verses permitting the Muslims ...