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Written vernacular Chinese, also known as baihua, comprises forms of written Chinese based on the vernacular varieties of the language spoken throughout China. It is contrasted with Literary Chinese , which was the predominant written form of the language in imperial China until the early 20th century.
When Liu Yao was appointed as Governor of Yang Province, he approached Yan Baihu to bribe him to get his support against the warlord Yuan Shu, who had a large army in the Huai River valley.
The writing style of the series of stories is written vernacular, or baihua, people's everyday language at that time. The 40 stories are divided into three sections, one section collects Song and Yuan dynasty tales, one collects Ming dynasty stories, and the last is the stories created by Feng Menglong himself.
Additional musical influences contributed to the Yuan dynasty's (1279–1368) distinctive qu opera culture and spawned the sanqu form of individual poems based on it. [28] Classical Chinese poetry composition became a conventional skill of the well-educated throughout the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) dynasties.
The novel is composed in written vernacular (baihua) rather than Classical Chinese (wenyan). Cao Xueqin was well versed in Chinese poetry and in Classical Chinese, having written tracts in the semi-wenyan style, while the novel's dialogue is written in the Beijing Mandarin dialect, which was to become the basis of modern spoken Chinese.
The Scholars was one of the first major novels to popularize a vernacular style now called baihua. Classical phrases (wenyan) appear occasionally, but only in the speech of elite characters. Language reformers in the early 20th-century New Culture Movement used the novel to support their view that wenyan was a form of snobbery. [3]
The invitation by Huaorani Chief Penti Baihua to enter the Baihuaeri Huaorani Territory in the Ecuadorian Amazon was "one of only a handful granted since the tribe’s first contact in 1958," Fry ...
For example, Zhouyijin, Laozi, The Book of Songs, Menzi, Baihua Historical Records, and Zizhi Tongjian were given new vernacular translations. [5] [6] In addition, a large number of ancient books were edited to make the text plain and easy to understand, so that ordinary people could understand them. A large number of ancient Chinese classics ...