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The central dogma of molecular biology deals with the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It is often stated as "DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein", [1] although this is not its original meaning. It was first stated by Francis Crick in 1957, [2] [3] then published in 1958: [4] [5] The Central Dogma.
The central dogma plays a key role in the study of molecular genetics. The central dogma states that DNA replicates itself, DNA is transcribed into RNA, and RNA is translated into proteins. [24] Along with the central dogma, the genetic code is used in understanding how RNA is translated into proteins. Replication of DNA and transcription from ...
Beadle wrote in 1966, that after reading the 1951 Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Genes and Mutations, he had the impression that supporters of the one gene–one enzyme hypothesis “could be counted on the fingers of one hand with a couple of fingers left over.” [10] By the early 1950s, most biochemists and geneticists considered DNA the ...
The pathway from DNA to protein expression fundamental to the central dogma of biology. [2] In 1956, Francis Crick proposed what is now known as the "central dogma" of biology: [3] DNA encodes the genetic information required for an organism to carry out its life cycle. In effect, DNA serves as the "hard drive" which stores genetic data.
[28] This is because it was the first comprehensive insight into genetic information (later called the central dogma of molecular biology), protein synthesis (known as the sequence hypothesis), the role of RNA (the adaptor hypothesis) as well as the existence of genetic code. [3]
The central dogma outlines the fundamental principle that the sequence information encoded in the three major classes of biopolymer— DNA, RNA, and protein —can only be transferred between these three classes in certain ways, and not in others: specifically, information transfer between the nucleic acids and from nucleic acid to protein is ...
Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of performing a specific chemical reaction, often but not always catalytic. This is similar to the action of other biological enzymes , such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA ). [ 1 ]
DNA gyrase, or simply gyrase, is an enzyme within the class of topoisomerase and is a subclass of Type II topoisomerases [1] that reduces topological strain in an ATP dependent manner while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by elongating RNA-polymerase [2] or by helicase in front of the progressing replication fork.