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Occipital nerve block is a procedure involving injection of steroids or anesthetics into regions of the greater occipital nerve and the lesser occipital nerve used to treat chronic headaches. These nerves are located in the back of the head near in the suboccipital triangle along the line between the inion and the mastoid process .
Local anesthetic is applied to the back of the neck and a Tuohy needle is advanced towards the location of the greater occipital nerve and lesser occipital nerve under fluoroscopic guidance. [8] [9] [10] When the location is confirmed, a temporary lead is placed through the needle before the needle is carefully removed.
Problems with the greater occipital nerve may be a cause of cervicogenic headaches. [1] These may be referred to as occipital neuralgias. A common site, and usually misdiagnosed area of entrapment for the greater occipital nerve, is at the obliquus capitis inferior muscle. [2] These may be treated with a temporary nerve block. [1]
Migraine surgery is an outpatient procedure which addresses peripheral nerves through limited incisions. Depending on the symptoms of the patient and the screening results following nerve blocks or Botox, different areas of the head and neck may be addressed to treat the nerves found to be the migraine trigger in a given patient.
Nerve block or regional nerve blockade is any deliberate interruption of signals traveling along a nerve, often for the purpose of pain relief. Local anesthetic nerve block (sometimes referred to as simply "nerve block") is a short-term block, usually lasting hours or days, involving the injection of an anesthetic, a corticosteroid, and other agents onto or near a nerve.
Botulinum Toxin A injection has emerged as a treatment with a conceptually lower side effect profile than many other techniques described here, with most recent trials demonstrating 50% or more improvement. [1] It remains a common practice to utilize a landmark-only approach when performing greater and lesser occipital nerve blocks.
Therapies acting on the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) and the greater occipital nerve have both shown efficacy in managing cluster headache, but the specific roles of these nerves are not well-understood. [6] Two nerves thought to play an important role in cluster headaches include the trigeminal nerve and the facial nerve. [30]
The scalp is innervated by motor nerves and sensory nerves. The trigeminal nerve (CNV) is one of the important cranial sensory nerves which innervates the scalp. From anterior to posterior front to back the nerves are: Supratrochlear nerve and Supraorbital nerve; Zygomaticotemporal nerve; Auriculotemporal nerve; Lesser occipital nerve; Greater ...