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According to Fox's autobiography, Bennet "was the first that called us Quakers, because I bade them tremble at the word of the Lord". [29]: 125 It is thought that Fox was referring to Isaiah 66:2 or Ezra 9:4. Thus the name Quaker began as a way of ridiculing Fox's admonition, but became widely accepted and used by some Quakers. [33]
A small breakaway group, the Religious Society of Free Quakers, originally called "The Religious Society of Friends, by some styled the Free Quakers", was established on February 20, 1781 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Quakers who refused to support the war often suffered for their religious beliefs at the hands of non-Quaker Loyalists and Patriots alike. Some Friends were arrested for refusing to pay taxes or follow conscription requirements, particularly in Massachusetts near the end of the war when demand for new recruits increased. [ 21 ]
Quakers were at the center of the movement to abolish slavery in the early United States; it is no coincidence that Pennsylvania, center of American Quakerism, was the first state to abolish slavery. In the antebellum period, "Quaker meeting houses [in Philadelphia] ...had sheltered abolitionists for generations." [2]: 1
Missionary work sometimes called for frequent travel. Quaker women were encouraged to record their sufferings in the face of their faith. These women experienced not only the perils of traveling in the Early Modern Period but also persecution and imprisonment. Women were not alone in facing trials; their families also faced persecution.
Edward Hicks, The Peaceable Kingdom (c. 1834) showing William Penn trading with Native Americans, and the lion sitting down with the lambs. The "Holy Experiment" was an attempt by the Religious Society of Friends, also known as Quakers, to establish a community for themselves and other persecuted religious minorities in what would become the modern state of Pennsylvania. [1]
The Underground Railroad, 1893 depiction of the anti-slavery activities of a Northern Quaker named Levi Coffin by Charles T. Webber. The Religious Society of Friends, better known as the Quakers, played a major role in the abolition movement against slavery in both the United Kingdom and in the United States. [1]
A Declaration of the Sad and Great Persecution and Martyrdom of the People of God, called Quakers, in New-England, for the Worshipping of God (1661) online PDF edition; Edward Burrough: A Memoir By William and Thomas Evans (London: Charles Gilpin, 1851) online edition. Claus Bernet (2002). "Edward Burrough". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.).