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A fundamental principle of S-ROI is the creation of monetized models of non-cash benefits and costs. [1] Benefits might include emissions avoided, resources saved, or improvements in health and productivity, while costs could include adverse effects on public health, risk associated with rising costs for resources or disposal, or impacts of a project on nearby farms, fisheries, or tourism sites.
Every decision in the product development process affects cost: design is typically considered to account for 70–80% of the final cost of a project such as an engineering project [1] or the construction of a building. [2] In the public sector, cost reduction programs can be used where income is reduced or to reduce debt levels. [3]
Return on Investment + cost of Living(ROIL) (Frequently used for small businesses.) Return on marketing investment (ROMI) is "the contribution attributable to marketing (net of marketing spending ), divided by the marketing 'invested' or risked
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Components of price. Image according to Garrett (2008), figure 4-1, p.65. In business economics cost breakdown analysis is a method of cost analysis, which itemizes the cost of a certain product or service into its various components, the so-called cost drivers.
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Cost–benefit analysis (CBA), sometimes also called benefit–cost analysis, is a systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives.It is used to determine options which provide the best approach to achieving benefits while preserving savings in, for example, transactions, activities, and functional business requirements. [1]
Zero-based budgeting (ZBB) is a budgeting method that requires all expenses to be justified and approved in each new budget period, typically each year. It was developed by Peter Pyhrr in the 1970s.