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In the United Kingdom, the environmental regulator permits only chemical additives which are classed as non hazardous to groundwater for fracturing fluids. [3] [4] [5] Operators are required to disclose the content of hydraulic fracturing fluids to the relevant environment agency [6] while the composition must be disclosed if the regulator demands it. [7]
One manufacturer has claimed untreated sand fines production to be 23.9% compared with 8.2% for lightweight ceramic and 0.5% for their product. [3] One way to maintain an ideal mesh size (i.e. permeability) while having sufficient strength is to choose proppants of sufficient strength; sand might be coated with resin, to form curable resin ...
Nov. 30—Except for the oil and natural gas themselves, one of the oilfield's hottest commodities these days is the sand used to fracture or "frac" the bedrock formations and loosen them up for ...
Hydraulic fracturing [a] is a well stimulation technique involving the fracturing of formations in bedrock by a pressurized liquid. The process involves the high-pressure injection of "fracking fluid" (primarily water, containing sand or other proppants suspended with the aid of thickening agents) into a wellbore to create cracks in the deep rock formations through which natural gas, petroleum ...
Investor Presentation, September 2013. According to Hi-Crush, the need for raw frac sand will nearly double between 2011 and 2021, hinting that the partnership's own growth should follow a similar ...
The FRAC Act was re-introduced in both houses of the 112th United States Congress. In the Senate, Sen. Bob Casey (D-PA) introduced S. 587 on March 15, 2011. [210] In the House, Rep. Diana DeGette (D-CO) introduced H.R. 1084 on March 24, 2011. [211] As of March 2012 Congress had not yet passed either of The FRAC Act bills.
As of 2012, 2.5 million "frac jobs" had been performed worldwide on oil and gas wells, over one million of those within the U.S. [7] [8] Such treatment is generally necessary to achieve adequate flow rates in shale gas, tight gas, tight oil, and coal seam gas wells. [9] Some hydraulic fractures can form naturally in certain veins or dikes. [10]
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