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Mandragora tied to a dog, from Tacuinum Sanitatis (1474). In Medieval times, mandrake was considered a key ingredient in a multitude of witches' flying ointment recipes as well as a primary component of magical potions and brews. [58] These were entheogenic preparations used in European witchcraft for their mind-altering and hallucinogenic ...
Mandragora officinarum is the type species of the plant genus Mandragora in the nightshade family Solanaceae. [2] It is often known as mandrake, although this name is also used for other plants. As of 2015, sources differed significantly in the species they use for Mandragora plants native to the Mediterranean region.
Its common names are mayapple, American mandrake, wild mandrake, [4] and ground lemon. [5] It is widespread across most of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. [6] [7] Mayapples are woodland plants, typically growing in colonies derived from a single root.
The genus Mandragora was first used in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in the first edition of Species Plantarum where the Mediterranean species Mandragora officinarum was described, [5] [6] which is thus the type species of the genus. [7] (Linnaeus later changed his mind and in 1759 placed M. officinarum in the genus Atropa as A. mandragora. [8])
Mandragora species have a long use in traditional medicine, an extract being used for its real or supposed aphrodisiac, hypnotic, emetic, purgative, sedative and pain-killing effects. Tropane alkaloids are known to be effective as analgesics and anaesthetics, and can be used to increase circulation and dilate pupils, among other effects. [4]
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Mandragora, a plant genus in the nightshade family Mandragora autumnalis, mandrake or autumn mandrake; Mandragora caulescens, Himalayan mandrake; Mandragora officinarum, mandrake or Mediterranean mandrake, the type species of the genus; Mandragora turcomanica, Turkmenian mandrake
Mandragora caulescens, the Himalayan mandrake, [3] is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Solanaceae, native to the Himalayas and mountainous regions of Myanmar and south-west China. One of the differences from the other species of Mandragora is that it has a stem, whereas they are stemless.