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Both quill and threadless stems come in a variety of bicycle handlebar clamp diameters. The ISO standard for the clamping area of a handlebar is 25.4 mm (1 inch), which is used on mountain bikes and many Japanese-made road handlebars. However, the Italian unofficial standard is 26.0 mm, which is the most common clamp size for road bars.
It is recommended the valve stem is to be at least 10 mm longer than the rim is deep to allow adequate room for the bicycle pump to be attached. It has a narrower diameter of 6 mm (0.24 in), compared to Dunlop and Schrader valves, measuring 8 mm (0.31 in). The weakest point of a bicycle rim is usually the hole for the valve stem.
In the days of quill stems, a road stem was clearly identifiable from its "7" shape, but nowadays it can be hard to tell the difference between a "road" (26.0 mm [1 + 1 ⁄ 32 in]) and "MTB" (25.4 mm [1 in]) stem. Manufacturers frequently omit the clamp size from advertising or packaging.
Bicycle racers seeking the greatest saddle-to-handlebar drop for better aerodynamics will often forego spacers and cut the steerer tube down to exactly match the headset bearing cup stack height plus the stem height. Cutting the steerer tube to its minimum length prevents switching to a taller stem or to a headset cups with a higher stack height.
a 2006 Tete de Course, designed for road racing, with a head angle that varies from 71.25° to 74°, depending on frame size. Due to front fork suspension, modern mountain bikes —as opposed to road bikes —tend to have slacker head tube angles, generally around 70°, although they can be as low as 62° (depending on frame geometry setting).
Road racing bicycle forks have an offset of 40–55 mm. [2] For touring bicycles and other designs, the frame's head angle and wheel size must be taken into account when determining offset, and there is a narrow range of acceptable offsets to give good handling characteristics. The general rule is that a slacker head angle requires a fork with ...