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Sin Nombre virus remains the most common cause of HPS in North America. In its rodent host, it causes a chronic and seemingly asymptomatic infection. Sin Nombre virus is primarily associated with one species of deer mouse, and other hantaviruses discovered in North America follow the same pattern, each with their own natural reservoir. [8]
Andes virus is carried primarily by the long-tailed pygmy rice rat (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus) and Sin Nombre virus by the Eastern deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). [2] [4] Andes virus is mainly found in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, where it causes more than one hundred cases annually. [1]
This outbreak was determined to be caused by a hantavirus, now named Sin Nombre virus, and represented the first confirmed instance of pathogenic hantaviruses in the Americas as well as the discovery of a new type of disease caused by hantaviruses. The new disease was named "hantavirus pulmonary syndrome".
Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is the most common cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in North America. Sin Nombre virus is transmitted mainly by the eastern deer mouse ( Peromyscus maniculatus ). In its natural reservoir , SNV causes an asymptomatic, persistent infection and is spread through excretions, fighting, and grooming.
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Rodent mites are capable of surviving for long periods without feeding and travelling long distances when seeking hosts. [4] Cases have been reported in homes, libraries, [5] hospitals [6] and care homes. [7] A similar condition, known as gamasoidosis, is caused by avian mites. [8]
In East Asia, Hantaan virus is the most common cause of HFRS, causes a severe form of HFRS, and is spread by striped field mice. Seoul virus accounts for about a quarter of HFRS cases, causes a moderate form of the disease, and is found worldwide due to the global distribution of its natural reservoir, the brown rat.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued an advisory on Aug. 16 warning people traveling to areas known to have the Oropouche virus to avoid getting bit by midges and mosquitoes.