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A number of programming languages are stack-oriented, meaning they define most basic operations (adding two numbers, printing a character) as taking their arguments from the stack, and placing any return values back on the stack. For example, PostScript has a return stack and an operand stack, and also has a graphics state stack and a ...
PostScript is an example of a postfix stack-based language. An expression example in this language is 2 3 mul ('mul' being the command for the multiplication operation). Calculating the expression involves understanding how stack orientation works. Stack orientation can be presented as the following conveyor belt analogy.
This type of stack is also known as an execution stack, program stack, control stack, run-time stack, or machine stack, and is often shortened to simply the "stack". Although maintenance of the call stack is important for the proper functioning of most software , the details are normally hidden and automatic in high-level programming languages .
For example, a stack has push/pop operations that follow a Last-In-First-Out rule, and can be concretely implemented using either a list or an array. Another example is a set which stores values, without any particular order, and no repeated values. Values themselves are not retrieved from sets; rather, one tests a value for membership to ...
Copy the nth item on the stack (given by the argument) onto the top of the stack** n+1 [Space] [LF][Tab]-Swap the top two items on the stack 2 [Space] [LF][LF]-Discard the top item on the stack 1 [Space] [Tab][LF] Number n: Slide n items off the stack, keeping the top item** may be less than n+1, but at least 1 item (top of the stack) is required
Array, a sequence of elements of the same type stored contiguously in memory; Record (also called a structure or struct), a collection of fields . Product type (also called a tuple), a record in which the fields are not named
Forth is a stack-oriented programming language and interactive integrated development environment designed by Charles H. "Chuck" Moore and first used by other programmers in 1970. Although not an acronym , the language's name in its early years was often spelled in all capital letters as FORTH .
In a stack-based language, functional composition is even more natural: it is performed by concatenation, and is usually the primary method of program design. The above example in Forth: g f Which will take whatever was on the stack before, apply g, then f, and leave the result on the stack.