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An organic base is an organic compound which acts as a base. Organic bases are usually, but not always, proton acceptors. They usually contain nitrogen atoms, which can easily be protonated. For example, amines or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds have a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom and can thus act as proton acceptors. [1]
A strong base is a basic chemical compound that can remove a proton (H +) from (or deprotonate) a molecule of even a very weak acid (such as water) in an acid–base reaction. Common examples of strong bases include hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, like NaOH and Ca(OH) 2, respectively. Due to their low solubility, some ...
In water, OH − is the strongest base. Thus, even though sodium amide (NaNH 2) is an exceptional base (pK a of NH 3 ~ 33), in water it is only as good as sodium hydroxide. On the other hand, NaNH 2 is a far more basic reagent in ammonia than is NaOH. The pH range allowed by a particular solvent is called the acid-base discrimination window. [1]
For example, carbon monoxide is a very weak Brønsted–Lowry base but it forms a strong adduct with BF 3. In another comparison of Lewis and Brønsted–Lowry acidity by Brown and Kanner, [ 19 ] 2,6-di- t -butylpyridine reacts to form the hydrochloride salt with HCl but does not react with BF 3 .
Strong superbases can be designed by utilizing various approaches [7] [8] [9] to stabilize the conjugate acid, up to the theoretical limits of basicity. [ 10 ] Organometallic superbases, sometimes called Lochmann–Schlosser superbases, result from the combination of alkali metal alkoxides and organolithium reagents. [ 11 ]
The ECW model is quantitative model that describes and predicts the strength of Lewis acid base interactions, -ΔH . The model assigned E and C parameters to many Lewis acids and bases. Each acid is characterized by an E A and a C A. Each base is likewise characterized by its own E B and C B. The E and C parameters refer, respectively, to the ...
Animation of a strong acid–strong base neutralization titration (using phenolphthalein). The equivalence point is marked in red. The equivalence point is marked in red. In chemistry, neutralization or neutralisation (see spelling differences ) is a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react with an equivalent quantity of each other.
In chemistry and thermodynamics, the enthalpy of neutralization (ΔH n) is the change in enthalpy that occurs when one equivalent of an acid and a base undergo a neutralization reaction to form water and a salt. It is a special case of the enthalpy of reaction. It is defined as the energy released with the formation of 1 mole of water.