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In a cloud chamber, a 5.3 MeV alpha particle track from a 210 Pb source (1) undergoes Rutherford scattering (2), deflecting by an angle of about 30°. It scatters once again (3), and finally comes to rest in the gas. The target nucleus recoils, leaving a short track (2). (cm scale) The first impacts were to encourage new focus on scattering ...
English: Top: Expected results of Rutherford's gold foil experiment: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom undisturbed. Bottom: Observed results: Some of the particles were deflected, and some by very large angles. Rutherford concluded that the positive charge of the atom must be concentrated into a very small ...
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Now called the Rutherford gold foil experiment, or the Geiger–Marsden experiment, these measurements made the extraordinary discovery that although most alpha particles passing through a thin gold foil experienced little deflection, a few scattered to a high angle. The scattering indicated that some of the alpha particles ricocheted back from ...
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A pyramidal diamond point is pressed into the polished surface of the test material with a known (often 100 g) load, for a specified dwell time, and the resulting indentation is measured using a microscope. The geometry of this indenter is an extended pyramid with the length to width ratio being 7:1 and respective face angles are 172 degrees ...