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A coloboma (from the Greek κολόβωμα, meaning "defect") [1] is a hole in one of the structures of the eye, such as the iris, retina, choroid, or optic disc.The hole is present from birth and can be caused when a gap called the choroid fissure, which is present during early stages of prenatal development, fails to close up completely before a child is born.
Coloboma is a rare eye condition, experienced by Madeleine McCann, that can impact vision. ... Some are visible, while others are not. Colobomas in the iris can make a keyhole or teardrop shape ...
This condition results in abnormal eye development affecting both eyes or just one. [medical citation needed] Upon gross examination the patient will typically have excessively long eyelashes. [8] The iris becomes hypoplastic, making abnormally shaped pupils with prominent crypts. [8]
The macula (/ˈmakjʊlə/) [1] or macula lutea is an oval-shaped pigmented area in the center of the retina of the human eye and in other animals. The macula in humans has a diameter of around 5.5 mm (0.22 in) and is subdivided into the umbo, foveola, foveal avascular zone, fovea, parafovea, and perifovea areas.
Shannen Broodryk, 28, was travelling on the M5 when she suddenly ‘couldn’t see’
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Some skates and rays have crescent shaped pupils, [16] gecko pupils range from circular, to a slit, to a series of pinholes, [17] and the cuttlefish pupil is a smoothly curving W shape. Although human pupils are normally circular, abnormalities like colobomas can result in unusual pupil shapes, such as teardrop, keyhole or oval pupil shapes.
Keratoconus is normally bilateral [79] (affecting both eyes) although the distortion is usually asymmetric and is rarely completely identical in both corneas. [15] Unilateral cases tend to be uncommon, and may in fact be very rare if a very mild condition in the better eye is simply below the limit of clinical detection. [46]