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A contingency theory is an organizational theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions.Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation.
The Vroom–Yetton contingency model is a situational leadership theory of industrial and organizational psychology developed by Victor Vroom, in collaboration with Philip Yetton (1973) and later with Arthur Jago (1988). The situational theory argues the best style of leadership is contingent to the situation.
Fiedler's contingency model is a dynamic model where the personal characteristics and motivation of the leader are said to interact with the current situation that the group faces. Thus, the contingency model marks a shift away from the tendency to attribute leadership effectiveness to personality alone. [5]
Contingency management (CM) is the application of the three-term contingency (or operant conditioning), which uses stimulus control and consequences to change behavior. CM originally derived from the science of applied behavior analysis (ABA), but it is sometimes implemented from a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) framework as well.
Contingency or Contingent may refer to: Contingency (philosophy), in philosophy and logic; Contingency plan, in planning; Contingency (electrical grid), in electrical grid engineering; Contingency table, in statistics; Contingency theory, in organizational theory; Contingency (evolutionary biology) Contingency management, in medicine ...
The three-term contingency (also known as the ABC contingency) is a psychological model describing operant conditioning in three terms consisting of a behavior, its consequence, and the environmental context, as applied in contingency management. The three-term contingency was first defined by B. F. Skinner in the early 1950s. [1]
This approach supported the idea that a manager could rely on different group decision making approaches depending on the attributes of each situation. This model was later referred to as situational contingency theory. [64] The path-goal theory of leadership was developed by Robert House and was based on the expectancy theory of Victor Vroom. [65]
The theory of contingency is premised on the different possibilities for organizational communication at any point within the advocacy-accommodation continuum. This view of communication approach based on a continuum differs from the view proposed by the more traditional Four models of public relations communication.