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  2. Strategic lawsuit against public participation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_lawsuit_against...

    The most common used to be a civil suit for defamation, which in the English common law tradition was a tort. The common law of libel dates to the early 17th century and, unlike most English law, is reverse onus , meaning that once someone alleges a statement is libelous, the burden is on the defendant to prove that it is not.

  3. Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertz_v._Robert_Welch,_Inc.

    The consequence is that strict liability for defamation is unconstitutional in the United States; the plaintiff must be able to show that the defendant acted negligently or with an even higher level of mens rea. In many other common law countries, strict liability for defamation is still the rule.

  4. Defamation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defamation

    Defamation law has a long history stretching back to classical antiquity. While defamation has been recognized as an actionable wrong in various forms across historical legal systems and in various moral and religious philosophies, defamation law in contemporary legal systems can primarily be traced back to Roman and early English law.

  5. United States defamation law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_defamation_law

    The case of Park v. Hill 380 F. Supp. 2d 1002 (N. D. Iowa 2005) set the basic rules of Iowa about criminal defamation/libel, defining what it is, while the case of State v. Heacock 76 N. W. 654 (Iowa 1898) set the Iowan rules about public persecution for the crime. Therefore, it exists based on case law).

  6. Neutral reportage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral_reportage

    Neutral reportage is a common law defense against libel and defamation lawsuits usually involving the media republishing unproven accusations about public figures. [1] It is a limited exception to the common law rule that one who repeats a defamatory statement is just as guilty as the first person who published it.

  7. Actual malice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actual_malice

    In United States defamation law, actual malice is a legal requirement imposed upon public officials or public figures when they file suit for libel (defamatory printed communications). Compared to other individuals who are less well known to the general public, public officials and public figures are held to a higher standard for what they must ...

  8. United States tort law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_tort_law

    Although federal courts often hear tort cases arising out of common law or state statutes, there are relatively few tort claims that arise exclusively as a result of federal law. The most common federal tort claim is the 42 U.S.C. § 1983 remedy for violation of one's civil rights under color of federal or state law, which can be used to sue ...

  9. Fair comment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_comment

    “The law as to fair comment, so far as is material to the present case, stands as follows: In the first place, comment in order to be justifiable as fair comment must appear as comment and must not be so mixed up with the facts that the reader cannot distinguish between what is report and what is comment: see Andrews v.