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  2. Audio time stretching and pitch scaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_time_stretching_and...

    The simplest way to change the duration or pitch of an audio recording is to change the playback speed. For a digital audio recording, this can be accomplished through sample rate conversion. When using this method, the frequencies in the recording are always scaled at the same ratio as the speed, transposing its perceived pitch up or down in ...

  3. Sampler (musical instrument) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampler_(musical_instrument)

    A sampler is an electronic musical instrument that records and plays back samples (portions of sound recordings). Samples may comprise elements such as rhythm, melody, speech, sound effects or longer portions of music. The mid-20th century saw the introduction of keyboard instruments that played sounds recorded on tape, such as the Mellotron.

  4. Music technology (electronic and digital) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_technology...

    Samplers can alter the sound using various audio effects and audio processing. Sampling has its roots in France with the sound experiments carried out by musique concrète practitioners. In the 1980s, when the technology was still in its infancy, digital samplers cost tens of thousands of dollars and they were only used by the top recording ...

  5. Pitch shifting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_shifting

    The simplest methods are used to increase pitch and reduce durations or, conversely, reduce pitch and increase duration. This can be done by replaying a sound waveform at a different speed than it was recorded. It could be accomplished on an early reel-to-reel tape recorder by changing the diameter of the capstan or using a different motor. As ...

  6. Akai S1000 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akai_S1000

    The Akai S1000 is a 16-bit, 44.1 kHz professional stereo digital sampler, released by Akai in 1988. The S1000 was among the first professional-quality 16-bit stereo samplers. [3] Its abilities to splice, crossfade, trim, and loop sound in 16-bit CD quality made it popular among producers in the late 80s through to the mid 90s.

  7. Speed of sound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_sound

    The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit of time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. More simply, the speed of sound is how fast vibrations travel. At 20 °C (68 °F), the speed of sound in air, is about 343 m/s (1,125 ft/s; 1,235 km/h; 767 mph; 667 kn), or 1 km in 2.91 s or one mile in 4.69 s.

  8. Envelope (music) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Envelope_(music)

    In sound and music, an envelope describes how a sound changes over time. For example, a piano key, when struck and held, creates a near-immediate initial sound which gradually decreases in volume to zero. An envelope may relate to elements such as amplitude (volume), frequency (with the use of filters) or pitch.

  9. Wow and flutter measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wow_and_flutter_measurement

    While wow is perceived clearly as pitch variation, flutter can alter the sound of the music differently, making it sound ‘cracked’ or ‘ugly’. A recorded 1 kHz tone with a small amount of flutter (around 0.1%) can sound fine in a ‘dead’ listening room, but in a reverberant room constant fluctuations will often be clearly heard.