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Spinal cord injury and other neurological problems mostly affect the lower GI tract (i.e., jejunum, ileum, and colon) leading to symptoms of incontinence or constipation. However, the upper GI tract (i.e., esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) may also be affected and patients with NBD often present with multiple symptoms.
Other symptoms related to constipation can include bloating, distension, abdominal pain, headaches, a feeling of fatigue and nervous exhaustion, or a sense of incomplete emptying. [40] Although constipation may be a diagnosis, it is typically viewed as a symptom that requires evaluation to discern a cause.
Functional constipation, also known as chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC), is defined by less than three bowel movements per week, hard stools, severe straining, the sensation of anorectal blockage, the feeling of incomplete evacuation, and the need for manual maneuvers during feces, without organic abnormalities.
Fecal impaction is a common result of neurogenic bowel dysfunction and causes immense discomfort and pain. Its treatment includes laxatives , enemas , and pulsed irrigation evacuation (PIE) as well as digital removal.
Other symptoms may include: long-term lower back and pelvic pain. periods lasting more than 7 days. heavy menstrual bleeding. bowel and urinary problems, including pain, diarrhea, constipation ...
It is frequently painful and may be accompanied by involuntary straining and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Tenesmus has both a nociceptive and a neuropathic component. Often, rectal tenesmus is simply called tenesmus. The term rectal tenesmus is a retronym to distinguish defecation-related tenesmus from vesical tenesmus. [2]