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Sodium thiosulfate, also spelled sodium thiosulphate, is used as a medication to treat cyanide poisoning, pityriasis versicolor, and to decrease side effects from cisplatin. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] For cyanide poisoning, it is often used after the medication sodium nitrite and is typically only recommended for severe cases.
The relevant reaction is akin to the iodine reaction: thiosulfate reduces the hypochlorite (the active ingredient in bleach) and in so doing becomes oxidized to sulfate. The complete reaction is: 4 NaClO + Na 2 S 2 O 3 + 2 NaOH → 4 NaCl + 2 Na 2 SO 4 + H 2 O. Similarly, sodium thiosulfate reacts with bromine, removing the free bromine from ...
Aside from using sodium thiosulfate as a substrate, cysteine can also be used. [2] Iodide from potassium iodide is converted to iodine in the first reaction: 2 I − + 2 H + + H 2 O 2 → I 2 + 2 H 2 O The iodine produced in the first reaction is reduced back to iodide by the reducing agent, cysteine. At the same time, cysteine is oxidized into ...
Thiosulfate: The evidence for sodium thiosulfate's use is based on animal studies and case reports: the small quantities of cyanide present in dietary sources and in cigarette smoke are normally metabolized to relatively harmless thiocyanate by the mitochondrial enzyme rhodanese (thiosulfate cyanide sulfurtransferase), which uses thiosulfate as ...
Thiosulfate (IUPAC-recommended spelling; sometimes thiosulphate in British English) is an oxyanion of sulfur with the chemical formula S 2 O 2− 3.Thiosulfate also refers to the compounds containing this anion, which are the salts of thiosulfuric acid, such as sodium thiosulfate Na 2 S 2 O 3 and ammonium thiosulfate (NH 4) 2 S 2 O 3.
Sodium nitroprusside, a metabolite of which is thiocyanate, is however still used for the treatment of a hypertensive emergency. Rhodanese catalyzes the reaction of sodium nitroprusside (like other cyanides) with thiosulfate to form the metabolite thiocyanate.
Sodium nitrite/sodium thiosulfate, sold under the brand name Nithiodote, is a fixed-dose combination medication used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning. [1] It contains sodium thiosulfate and sodium nitrite. [1] It is given by intravenous infusion into a vein. [1] It was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2011. [2]
These salts are often generated by oxidation of thiosulfate. For example, tetrathionate is obtained by oxidation of thiosulfate ion with iodine (reaction is used in iodometry): S 2 O 2− 3 + I 2 → S 4 O 2− 6 + 2 I −. More specialized routes involve reactions of sulfur chlorides with bisulfite salts: SCl 2 + 2 HSO − 3 → [O 3 SSSO 3] 2 ...