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The term "bleach" originates from a French word signifying "to whiten." In essence, the process of bleaching involves whitening by removing substances that impart color to the material undergoing the bleaching treatment. [26] Bleaching is the process of decolorizing the material after it has been scoured.
Fabric softeners impart soft hand feel to the treated fabrics. [3] Silk surfacing a surface finishing of cotton to obtain an appearance similar to silk. [8] Plissé is chemical finish in which the fabrics are treated with sodium hydroxide to obtain a puckering effect. [9] Deweighting, or weight reduction, is a treatment for polyester to make it ...
A major source of chemical bleaching is hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) that contains a single bond, (–O–O–). When the bond breaks, it gives rise to very reactive oxygen specie, which is the active agent of the bleach. Around sixty percent of the world's hydrogen peroxide is used in chemical bleaching of textiles and wood pulp. [7]
Scouring is a chemical washing process carried out on cotton fabric to remove natural wax and non-fibrous impurities (e.g. The remains of seed fragments) from the fibers and any added soiling or dirt. Scouring is usually carried in iron vessels called kiers. The fabric is boiled in an alkali, which forms a soap with free fatty acids ...
Textile finishing machinery, Red Bridge Mills, Ainsworth, 1983 In textile manufacturing, finishing refers to the processes that convert the woven or knitted cloth into a usable material and more specifically to any process performed after dyeing the yarn or fabric to improve the look, performance, or "hand" (feel) of the finish textile or clothing.
Kier boiling and ''Boiling off'' is the scouring process that involves boiling the materials with the caustic solution in the Kier, which is an enclosed vessel, so that the fabric can boil under pressure. [48] [49] [50] Open kiers were also used with temperatures below 100 °C (at atmospheric pressure). [46]
Bleach is the generic name for any chemical product that is used industrially or domestically to remove color from (i.e. to whiten) fabric or fiber (in a process called bleaching) or to disinfect after cleaning.
Finishing refers to any process performed on yarn or fabric after weaving to improve the look, performance, or "hand" (feel) of the finished textile. [13] fishnet Fishnet is a material with an open, diamond shaped knit. flannel Flannel is a cloth that is commonly used to make clothing and bedsheets. It is usually made from either wool, wool and ...