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The Preamble of the Constitution of India – India declaring itself as a country. The Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties are sections of the Constitution of India that prescribe the fundamental obligations of the states to its citizens and the duties and the rights of the citizens to the State. These sections are considered vital elements of the ...
According to the majority, the text of the Constitution is the primary source for interpreting it. So, even though parliamentary records indicated that there was no intention to take away the States' power to recognise SEBCs, the literal interpretation of the amended Constitution was that only the Union government had this power. [7]
It also possesses unitary features such as a single constitution, single citizenship, an integrated judiciary, a flexible constitution, a strong central government, appointment of state governors by the central government, All India Services (the IAS, IFS and IPS), and emergency provisions. This unique combination makes it quasi-federal in form.
The terms of reference given to the Commission stated that it shall examine, in the light of the experience of the past fifty years, as to how best the Constitution can respond to the changing needs of efficient, smooth and effective system of governance and socio-economic development of modern India within the framework of parliamentary democracy, and to recommend changes, if any, that are ...
The basic features of the Constitution have not been explicitly defined by the Judiciary. At least, 20 features have been described as "basic" or "essential" by the Courts in numerous cases, and have been incorporated in the basic structure. Only Judiciary decides the basic features of the Constitution. In Indira Nehru Gandhi v.
The Indian Constitution is the most amended national constitution in the world. [3] The Constitution spells out governmental powers with so much detail that many matters addressed by statute in other democracies must be addressed via constitutional amendment in India. As a result, the Constitution is amended roughly twice a year.
The Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019 Parliament of India Long title An Act further to amend the Constitution of India. Citation 104th Amendment Act of the Indian Constitution Territorial extent India Passed by Lok Sabha Passed 10 December 2019 Passed by Rajya Sabha Passed 12 December 2019 Assented to 21 January 2020 Commenced 25 January 2020 Legislative history First ...
Part XXII is a compilation of laws pertaining to the constitution of India as a country and the union of states that it is made of. This part of the constitution contains Articles on short title, date of commencement, Authoritative text in Hindi and Repeals. [1]