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Inverse surveillance is a subset of sousveillance with an emphasis on "watchful vigilance from underneath" and a form of surveillance inquiry or legal protection involving the recording, monitoring, study, or analysis of surveillance systems, proponents of surveillance, and possibly also recordings of authority figures.
The vast majority of computer surveillance involves the monitoring of data and traffic on the Internet. [9] In the United States for example, under the Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act, all phone calls and broadband Internet traffic (emails, web traffic, instant messaging, etc.) are required to be available for unimpeded real-time monitoring by federal law enforcement agencies.
Surveillance abuse, the use of surveillance methods to monitor an individual or group in a way that violates the social norms or laws of a society Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Surveillance .
C. Cellphone surveillance; Channel Zero (video encoding) Chatter (signals intelligence) Click path; Closed-circuit television; Closed-circuit television camera
Dataveillance is the practice of monitoring and collecting online data as well as metadata. [1] The word is a portmanteau of data and surveillance. [2] Dataveillance is concerned with the continuous monitoring of users' communications and actions across various platforms. [3]
Equiveillance represents a balance of the power relationships that surveillance and sousveillance touch upon. When there is an imbalance, social consequences can range from loss of privacy, to social reactions that in the aggregate lead to unrest and political instability.
Countersurveillance refers to measures that are usually undertaken by the public to prevent surveillance, [1] including covert surveillance.Countersurveillance may include electronic methods such as technical surveillance counter-measures, which is the process of detecting surveillance devices.
The Surveillance Studies Network (SSN) is a non-profit academic association dedicated to the study of surveillance in all its forms. [1] It was founded in 2006 as a charitable company registered in the UK. [2] [3] Its purpose is to support an international, transdisciplinary academic community researching and teaching about surveillance in society.