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The biconditional is true in two cases, where either both statements are true or both are false. The connective is biconditional (a statement of material equivalence), [2] and can be likened to the standard material conditional ("only if", equal to "if ... then") combined with its reverse ("if"); hence the name. The result is that the truth of ...
Venn diagram of (true part in red) In logic and mathematics, the logical biconditional, also known as material biconditional or equivalence or biimplication or bientailment, is the logical connective used to conjoin two statements and to form the statement "if and only if" (often abbreviated as "iff " [1]), where is known as the antecedent, and the consequent.
material biconditional (material equivalence) if and only if, iff, xnor propositional logic, Boolean algebra: is true only if both A and B are false, or both A and B are true. Whether a symbol means a material biconditional or a logical equivalence, depends on the author’s style.
Equivalence is symbolized with ⇔ and is a metalanguage symbol, while a biconditional is symbolized with ↔ and is a logical connective in the object language . Regardless, an equivalence or biconditional is true if, and only if, the formulas connected by it are assigned the same semantic value under every interpretation.
In propositional logic, biconditional introduction [1] [2] [3] is a valid rule of inference. It allows for one to infer a biconditional from two conditional statements . The rule makes it possible to introduce a biconditional statement into a logical proof .
Therefore (Mathematical symbol for "therefore" is ), if it rains today, we will go on a canoe trip tomorrow". To make use of the rules of inference in the above table we let p {\displaystyle p} be the proposition "If it rains today", q {\displaystyle q} be "We will not go on a canoe today" and let r {\displaystyle r} be "We will go on a canoe ...
However, these symbols are also used for material equivalence, so proper interpretation would depend on the context. Logical equivalence is different from material equivalence, although the two concepts are intrinsically related.
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