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In case law, a test case is a lawsuit whose purpose is to establish an important legal principle or right and to set a precedent. [1] Test cases are brought to court with the intention of challenging, interpreting, or receiving clarification on a present law , regulation, or constitutional principle. [ 2 ]
In law, a test is a commonly applied method of evaluation used to resolve matters of jurisprudence. [1] In the context of a trial , a hearing , discovery , or other kinds of legal proceedings , the resolution of certain questions of fact or law may hinge on the application of one or more legal tests.
Caparo Industries PLC v Dickman [1990] UKHL 2 is a leading English tort law case on the test for a duty of care. The House of Lords, following the Court of Appeal, set out a "three-fold test". In order for a duty of care to arise in negligence:
The Blockburger case was solely decided as a rule of Federal statutory interpretation. It was not until the U.S. Supreme Court decided, Brown v. Ohio, 432 U.S. 161 (1977), some 45 years later, did the court rule that the Blockburger test was a matter of constitutional law and thus applicable to the states when interpreting state statutes.
Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission, 447 U.S. 557 (1980), was an important case decided by the United States Supreme Court that laid out a four-part test for determining when restrictions on commercial speech violated the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. Justice Powell wrote the opinion of the ...
Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984), was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that set forth the legal test used when U.S. federal courts must defer to a government agency's interpretation of a law or statute. [1] The decision articulated a doctrine known as "Chevron deference". [2]
Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd. v Wednesbury Corporation [1948] 1 KB 223 [1] is an English law case that sets out the standard of unreasonableness in the decision of a public body, which would make it liable to be quashed on judicial review, known as Wednesbury unreasonableness.
Securities and Exchange Commission v. W. J. Howey Co., 328 U.S. 293 (1946), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the offer of a land sales and service contract was an "investment contract" within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933 (15 U.S.C. § 77b) and that the use of the mails and interstate commerce in the offer and sale of these securities was a ...