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Bisphosphonates have been used to reduce fracture rates in children with the disease osteogenesis imperfecta [24] and to treat otosclerosis [25] by minimizing bone loss. Other bisphosphonates, including medronate (R 1 =H, R 2 =H) and oxidronate (R 1 =H, R 2 =OH), are mixed with radioactive technetium and injected, as a way to image bone and ...
Chemical structure of bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonates are an important class of drugs originally commercialised in the mid to late 20th century. They are used for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone disorders that cause bone fragility and diseases where bone resorption is excessive.
Osteoporosis can affect nearly 1 in 3 women and the bone loss is the most rapid within the first 2–3 years after menopause. This can be prevented by menopause hormone therapy or MHT, which is meant to prevent bone loss and the degradation of the bone microarchitecture and is noted to reduce the risk of fractures in bones by 20-30%.
Alendronic acid, sold under the brand name Fosamax among others, is a bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. [4] It is taken by mouth. [4] Use is often recommended together with vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and lifestyle changes. [4]
For example, in clinical trials, the drug strontium ranelate was found to aid bone growth, increase bone density, and lessen vertebral, peripheral, and hip fractures in women. Strontium ranelate is an antiosteoporotic agent which both increases bone formation and reduces bone resorption, resulting in a rebalance of bone turnover in favor of ...
Researchers from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, MD, showed that total body bone mass and density both decreased in adults over the age of 65 who received levothyroxine ...
Ibandronic acid is a bisphosphonate medication used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and metastasis-associated skeletal fractures in people with cancer. [4] It may also be used to treat hypercalcemia (elevated blood calcium levels). It is typically formulated as its sodium salt ibandronate sodium. [medical citation needed]
Common side effects include bone pain, low calcium levels, nausea, and dizziness. Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a rare complication which has been associated with the use of bisphosphonates, including pamidronate. [3] Pamidronate activates human γδ T cells in vitro and in vivo, which may lead to flu-like symptoms upon administration.