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Reproducibility. Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method. For the findings of a study to be reproducible means that results obtained by an experiment or an observational study or in a statistical analysis of a data set should be achieved again with a high ...
Reproducibility can also be distinguished from replication, as referring to reproducing the same results using the same data set. Reproducibility of this type is why many researchers make their data available to others for testing. [15] The replication crisis does not necessarily mean these fields are unscientific.
Research transparency. Research transparency is a major aspect of scientific research. It covers a variety of scientific principles and practices: reproducibility, data and code sharing, citation standards or verifiability. The definitions and norms of research transparency significantly differ depending on the disciplines and fields of research.
The precision of a measurement system, related to reproducibility and repeatability, is the degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same results. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Although the two words precision and accuracy can be synonymous in colloquial use, they are deliberately contrasted in the context of the scientific method .
Scientific integrity. Research integrity or scientific integrity is an aspect of research ethics that deals with best practice or rules of professional practice of scientists. First introduced in the 19th century by Charles Babbage, the concept of research integrity came to the fore in the late 1970s. A series of publicized scandals in the ...
Definition: Guttman scale is a data set for which there exists an ordinal variable, X, with a finite number m of categories, say, 1,..., m with m ≥ max j (kj) and a permutation of subjects' profiles such that each variable in the data set is a simple function of X. Despite its seeming elegance and appeal for exploratory research, this ...
The Reproducibility Project is a series of crowdsourced collaborations aiming to reproduce published scientific studies, finding high rates of results which could not be replicated. It has resulted in two major initiatives focusing on the fields of psychology [1] and cancer biology. [2] The project has brought attention to the replication ...
Repeatability. Repeatability or test–retest reliability[1] is the closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same measure, when carried out under the same conditions of measurement. [2] In other words, the measurements are taken by a single person or instrument on the same item, under the same conditions ...