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Naturally occurring xenon (54 Xe) consists of seven stable isotopes and two very long-lived isotopes. Double electron capture has been observed in 124 Xe (half-life 1.8 ± 0.5(stat) ± 0.1(sys) × 10 22 years) [2] and double beta decay in 136 Xe (half-life 2.165 ± 0.016(stat) ± 0.059(sys) × 10 21 years), [7] which are among the longest measured half-lives of all nuclides.
half-life 10 15 years 10 24 seconds hafnium-174: 70 2.2 vanadium-50: 140 4.4 ... xenon-124: 18 570 10 30 seconds (quettaseconds) isotope half-life 10 24 years
Xenon-129 can be used to examine the early history of the Earth. 129 Xe was derived from the extinct nuclide of iodine, iodine-129 or 129 I (with a half-life of 15.7 Million years, or Myr), which can be used in iodine-xenon (I-Xe) dating.
Those that may in the future be found to be radioactive are expected to have half-lives longer than 10 22 years (for example, xenon-134). [citation needed] In April 2019 it was announced that the half-life of xenon-124 had been measured to 1.8 × 10 22 years.
The longest-lived of these isotopes are the primordial 124 Xe, which undergoes double electron capture with a half-life of 1.8 × 10 22 yr, [82] and 136 Xe, which undergoes double beta decay with a half-life of 2.11 × 10 21 yr. [83] 129 Xe is produced by beta decay of 129 I, which has a half-life of 16 million years.
^^ Bismuth-209 was long believed to be stable, due to its half-life of 2.01×10 19 years, which is more than a billion times the age of the universe. § Europium-151 and samarium-147 are primordial nuclides with very long half-lives of 4.62×10 18 years and 1.066×10 11 years, respectively.
125 I is produced by the electron capture decay of 125 Xe, which is an artificial isotope of xenon, itself created by neutron capture of near-stable 124 Xe (it undergoes double electron capture with a half life orders of magnitude larger than the age of the universe), which makes up around 0.1% of naturally occurring xenon.
Spectral lines of xenon: Other properties; Natural occurrence: primordial: Crystal structure ... half-life (t 1/2) mode product; 124 Xe 0.095% 1.8 ...