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Although the positivist approach has been a recurrent theme in the history of western thought, modern positivism was first articulated in the early 19th century by Auguste Comte. [3] [4] His school of sociological positivism holds that society, like the physical world, operates according to scientific laws. [5]
Leopold von Ranke [a] (21 December 1795 – 23 May 1886) was a German historian and a founder of modern source-based history. [3] [4] He was able to implement the seminar teaching method in his classroom and focused on archival research and the analysis of historical documents.
The Allegory On the Writing of History shows Truth (top) watching the historian write history, while advised by Wisdom (Jacob de Wit,1754). Historiography is the study of the methods used by historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension, the term historiography is any body of historical work on a particular subject.
Poetics of the New History: French Historical Discourse from Braudel to Chartier, (1992) Clark, Stuart, ed. The Annales School: Critical Assessments (4 vol, 1999) Crifò, Giuliano. "Scuola delle Annales e storia del diritto: la situazione italiana", Mélanges de l'École française de Rome, antiquité, vol. No. 93, (1981), pp. 483-494 in Persée
Historical method is the collection of techniques and guidelines that historians use to research and write histories of the past. Secondary sources, primary sources and material evidence such as that derived from archaeology may all be drawn on, and the historian's skill lies in identifying these sources, evaluating their relative authority, and combining their testimony appropriately in order ...
Most of the so-called Positive School (實學派) of the late Joseon Dynasty were historical thinkers. They studied history not merely from autonomous perspectives but engaged actively with and critiqued reality. This active historicism aimed for an objective examination of history.
The Dunning School was a historiographical school of thought regarding the Reconstruction period of American history (1865–1877), supporting conservative elements against the Radical Republicans who introduced civil rights in the South.
The positivism dispute (German: Positivismusstreit) was a political-philosophical dispute between the critical rationalists (Karl Popper, Hans Albert) and the Frankfurt School (Theodor Adorno, Jürgen Habermas) in 1961, about the methodology of the social sciences. It grew into a broad discussion within German sociology from 1961 to 1969.