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Effect of a pressure surge on a float gauge. Hydraulic shock (colloquial: water hammer; fluid hammer) is a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly: a momentum change. It is usually observed in a liquid but gases can also be affected.
In engineering, the Moody chart or Moody diagram (also Stanton diagram) is a graph in non-dimensional form that relates the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f D, Reynolds number Re, and surface roughness for fully developed flow in a circular pipe. It can be used to predict pressure drop or flow rate down such a pipe.
Thus the flow rate of the straight pipe is greater than that of the vertical one. Furthermore, because the lower energy fluid in the boundary layer branches through the channels the higher energy fluid in the pipe centre remains in the pipe as shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 4. Velocity profile along a manifold
Heat exchanger: Coil heat exchanger: Cooler: Plate & frame heat exchanger: Double pipe heat exchanger Fixed straight tubes heat exchanger: U-shaped tubes heat exchanger Spiral heat exchanger Covered gas vent Curved gas vent Air filter: Funnel or tundish: Steam trap: Viewing glass Pressure reducing valve: Valve: Gate valve: Control valve: Manual ...
In fluid mechanics, plug flow is a simple model of the velocity profile of a fluid flowing in a pipe. In plug flow, the velocity of the fluid is assumed to be constant across any cross-section of the pipe perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. The plug flow model assumes there is no boundary layer adjacent to the inner wall of the pipe.
English: Active indirect water heater. 1: Municipal water feed 2: Fluid from water storage tank to external (passive) heat source; passive heat source can be the ground (soil or groundwater), sun or air; eg via heat pump, or thermodynamic solar panel 3: Fluid from heat pump, or thermodynamic solar panel to water storage tank 4: Pump, actuator, controller and other parts 5: Water heater 6 ...
In fluid mechanics, pipe flow is a type of fluid flow within a closed conduit, such as a pipe, duct or tube. It is also called as Internal flow. [1] The other type of flow within a conduit is open channel flow. These two types of flow are similar in many ways, but differ in one important aspect.
Once the friction factors of the pipes are obtained (or calculated from pipe friction laws such as the Darcy-Weisbach equation), we can consider how to calculate the flow rates and head losses on the network. Generally the head losses (potential differences) at each node are neglected, and a solution is sought for the steady-state flows on the ...