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Aelia Capitolina (Latin: Colonia Aelia Capitolina [kɔˈloːni.a ˈae̯li.a kapɪtoːˈliːna]) was a Roman colony founded during the Roman emperor Hadrian's visit to Judaea in 129/130 CE. [1] [2] It was founded on the ruins of Jerusalem, which had been almost totally razed after the siege of 70 CE.
Aelia Capitolina was the Roman name given to Jerusalem in the 2nd century, after the destruction of the Second Temple. The name refers to Hadrian's family, the gens Aelia , and to the hill temple of Jupiter built on the remains of the Temple.
The city was named Aelia Capitolina, derived from Hadrian's family name (Publius Aelius Hadrianus) and in honor of Capitoline Jupiter. [33] According to Cassius Dio: In Jerusalem he founded a city to replace the one which had been destroyed and called it Aelia Capitolina, and he erected a temple to Jupiter on the site of the Temple of God.
Roman Aelia Capitolina period This image shows the oldest surviving copy of oldest known map of the region of Palestine / Israel. It is from Ptolemy 's 4th Asia map , and was a revision of a now-lost atlas by Marinus of Tyre (note the proximity of Tyre to Palestine).
Mark or Mahalia, sixteenth bishop of Jerusalem (served 135 – died 156) was the first non-Jewish bishop of Jerusalem, renamed as Aelia Capitolina.. His secretary was traditionally thought to have been Aristo of Pella, though the Armenian chronicler Movses Khorenatsi’s evidence for this is insufficient, late (7th Century) and ambiguous.
Aelia Capitolina of the Late Roman period was a Roman colony, with all the typical institutions and symbols - a forum, and temples to the Roman gods. Hadrian placed the city's main forum at the junction of the main Cardo and Decumanus, now the location of the (smaller) Muristan.
The Cardo in Jerusalem was initially constructed during the Roman period, following the city's reestablishment as Aelia Capitolina by Emperor Hadrian in the 130s CE. This north-south thoroughfare was designed to facilitate movement and commerce within the city.
A triple-arched gate built by Hadrian as an entrance to the eastern forum of Aelia Capitolina was traditionally, but as archaeological investigation shows, mistakenly, [6] said to have been part of the gate of Herod's Antonia Fortress. This was alleged to be the location of Jesus' trial and Pilate's ecce homo speech.